This is precisely the problem I'm pointing out.
You have, in your head, some arbitrary definition of what constitutes two different playing surfaces. There is nowhere in the rules that A can be distinguished from B or C, regardless of the heights of B and C. If it's illegal to take a stance at B, it's illegal at A. But that defies common sense. If your disc comes to rest up against a flat rock a few inches high or a tee pad with an exposed concrete edge, people are assuming that's all one playing surface, not two distinct ones.
Your point about a projection is potentially a valid one, but I doubt you would be subtracting the vertical height of of the rock or tee pad from the lie in example A or B. Nor would I expect that you would consider it valid to hang your toe over the lip in any of the cases. It seems to me that "behind" generally means "in the horizontal plane". This is precisely the same conundrum facing us when we talk about placing the mini in various scenarios where the front of the disc isn't touching anything. It's implied that the mini can be placed so that the trailing edge of the mini touches the vertical plane defined by the front of the disc. Thus the disc is directly behind the mini on the horizontal plane.
Regardless, it's not made explicit in the rules.
There are a few ways one could go about solving these issues, but I think the lack of explicitly stating how they are to be resolved is precisely the problem. The issues of how one deals with vertical "discontinuity" (which is not precisely the right word) need to be made more explicit, which would include the problem presented in the OP.