A good disc set (notice I didn't say starter set) is a putter, midrange, and fairway driver.
For a fairway driver, everyone loves the innova leopard in the cheap dx plastic or pro plastic. The star and champ plastics are more expensive, but not necessarily better for that disc especially. Other fairway drivers to consider are the cheetah and gazelle, also in the cheaper plastic. A teebird is also good, and I like the cheaper plastic in that one as well.
For a midrange disc, either a buzz or roc is most popular. I suggest a dx roc. It will teach good form. Learn to drive it far and angle it left and right with lots of spin. It's so versatile, and a real benefit on wooded holes with lots of trees. You should be able to drive it 250-300 feet, and use the driver for longer distances. Other similar mid-ranges are the pain and vector, but I still suggest the dx roc. And there are two types of rocs, rancho or ontario. The rancho will say it is manufactured in rancho california on the underside. That's the one to get if you ask me.
For a putter, a magnet is a good choice, and the other really popular choices are aviar, challenger, wizard, and ion. I suggest either the magnet in the stiff plastic or a classic aviar or aviar putt and approach in the stiff plastic, or maybe the yetti aviar. The jk and kc aviars are not as straight, and you will probably be frustrated by the way they fade left at the end. The challengers and wizards are the same. Later, you can get one of those and beat it in by using it for a long time and it will be straighter, but the magnet or the other two aviars will be straight immediately. The stiff plastic putters resist wobble better, and that's extremely important for pitch putting. If you get the softer plastics, you will need to spin putt. But the stiff plastic can be used to pitch putt or spin putt, and you can use it to figure out which one you prefer. Learn to drive your putter out to 200 feet or more, and use ot for practically everything under that distance. You should be able to make it turn right or left at will, and have the most control with it.
That's pretty much it for now. good luck